Short cut keys in windows

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a set of one or more keys that invoke a command in software or an operating system.

They are typically an alternate means for invoking commands that would otherwise be accessible only through a menu, a mouse, or an aspect of the user interface. These shortcuts can expedite common operations by reducing input sequences to a few keystrokes.

These shortcuts can provide an easier and quicker method of using computer programs. These commands are commonly accessed by using the Alt ket (on PC computers), command key (on Apple computers), Ctrl, and Shift in conjunction with a single letter.

These shortcuts are for the following programs and applications.

• Word
• Windows
• Internet Explorer
• File Explorer
• Windows System Commands
• Firefox
• Excel
• Mac
• Finder
• Chrome

This image shows multiple shortcuts to a variety of functions that you can do in Microsoft Word.

Shortcut Keys in Microsoft Word

• F1 key: Get help on a selected command or use the Office assistant.
• Shift and F1 Key: Review text formatting.
• F2 Key: Move text or image.
• Shift + F2 Key: Copy text.
• F3 Key: Insert an autotext entry.
• Shift + F3 Key: Change the case of the selected text.
• F4 Key: Perform last action again.
• Shift + F4 Key: Perform a Find or Go To action again.
• F5 Key: Displays the Go To dialogue box. You can also get to Find and Replace from here.
• Shift + F5 Key: Move to a previous revision.
• F6 Key: Go to the next frame or pane.
• Shift + F6 Key: Go to the previous frame or pane.
• F7 Key: Launch the Spell Checker.
• Shift + F7 Key: Launch the Thesaurus.
• F8 Key: Extend the current selection.
• Shift + F8 Key: Shrink the current selection.
• F9 Key: Refresh.
• Shift + F9 Key: Switch between a field code and its result.
• F10 Key: Show KeyTips.
• Shift + F10 Key: Display a Shortcut Menu (same as right-clicking).
• F11 Key: Go to the next field.
• SHIFT + F11 Key: Go to the previous field.
• F12 Key: Open Save As, equivalent to tools menu.
• Shift + F12 Key: Save document, equivalent to tools menu.
• Ctrl and A: Selects all in the current document.
• Ctrl and B: Bold text.
• Ctrl and C: Copies the item or text.
• Ctrl and D: Displays the Font dialogue box.
• Ctrl and E: Switch a paragraph between center and left alignment.
• Ctrl and F: Displays the Find dialog box to search the current document.
• Ctrl and G: Displays the Go To dialog box to search for a specific location in the current document.
• Ctrl and H: Displays the Replace dialogue box.
• Ctrl and I: Italicize text.
• Ctrl and J: Switch a paragraph between justified and left alignment.
• Ctrl and K: Create a hyperlink.
• Ctrl and L: Left align a paragraph.
• Ctrl and M: Indent a paragraph from the left.
• Ctrl and N: Create a new document.
• Ctrl and O: Opens a new document.
• Ctrl and P: Prints a document.
• Ctrl and R: Switch the alignment of a paragraph between left and right.
• Ctrl and S: Saves a document.
• Ctrl and U: Underlines text.
• Ctrl and V: Pastes the copied item or text.
• Ctrl and X: Cuts the selected item or text.
• Ctrl and Y: Redo the last action.
• Ctrl and Z: Undo the last action.
• Ctrl and Enter: Insert a page break.
• Ctrl and F2: Select Print Preview command.
• Ctrl and F4: Closes the active window.
• Ctrl and F6: Opens the next window if multiple are open.

Windows Shortcut Keys

• Windows Key + R: Opens the Run menu.
• Windows Key + E: Opens Explorer.
• Alt + Tab: Switch between open programs.
• Windows Key + Up Arrow: Maximize current window.
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc: Open Task Manager.
• Windows Key + Break: Opens system properties.
• Windows Key + F: Opens search for files and folders.
• Windows Key + D: Hide/display the desktop.
• Alt + Esc: Switch between programs in order they were opened.
• Alt + Letter: Select menu item by underlined letter.
• Ctrl + Esc: Open Start menu.
• Ctrl + F4: Close active document (does not work with some applications).
• Alt + F4: Quit active application or close current window.
• Alt + Spacebar: Open menu for active program.
• Ctrl + Left or Right Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one word.
• Ctrl + Up or Down Arrow: Move cursor forward or back one paragraph.
• F1: Open Help menu for active application.
• Windows Key + M: Minimize all windows.
• Shift + Windows Key + M: Restore windows that were minimized with previous keystroke.
• Windows + F1: Open Windows Help and Support.
• Windows + Tab: Open Task view.
• Windows + Break: Open the System Properties dialog box.
• Hold Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Switch FilterKeys on and off.
• Left Alt + Left Shift + Print Screen: Switch High Contrast on and off.
• Left Alt + Left Shift + Num Lock: Switch Mouse keys on and off.
• Press Shift five times: Switch Sticky keys on and off.
• Hold Num Lock for five seconds: Switch Toggle keys on and off.

Internet Explorer Shortcut Keys

• Alt + Left Arrow/Backspace: Go back to the previous page.
• Alt + Right Arrow: Go to next page.
• F5: Refresh page.
• F11: Toggle between full-screen and regular view.
• Esc: Stop downloading a page.
• Ctrl + ( + or -): Zoom in or out of page by 10%.
• Ctrl + Enter: Adds www. at the beginning and .com to the end of any text entered in the Address bar.
• Ctrl + D: Add the current site to your favorites.
• Ctrl + I: View your favorites.
• Ctrl + N: Open a new window.
• Ctrl + P: Print the current page.
• Ctrl + T: Open a new tab.
• Ctrl + F4: Closes tabs in the background.
• Ctrl + Tab: Switch between tabs.
• Spacebar: Click the notification bar.
• Shift + Spacebar: Move up one page.
• Alt + Down Arrow: Move a selected item down the favorites list.

File Explorer Shortcuts

• End: Display bottom of current window.
• Home: Display top of current window.
• Left Arrow: Collapse the current selections or select a parent folder.
• Right Arrow: Display the current selection or select the first subfolder.

Windows System Commands

Type the following commands in your Run dialogue box (Windows Key + R) to run specific programs.

• devmgmt.msc: Device Manager

• msinfo32: System Information
• cleanmgr: Disk Cleanup
• ntbackup: Backup or restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
• mmc: Microsoft Management Console
• excel: Microsoft Excel (if installed)
• msaccess: Microsoft Access (if installed)
• powerpnt: Microsoft PowerPoint (if installed)
• winword: Microsoft Word (if installed)
• frontpg: Microsoft FrontPage (if installed)
• notepad: Notepad
• wordpad: WordPad
• calc: Calculator
• msmsgs: Windows Messenger
• mspaint: Microsoft Paint
• wmplayer: Windows Media Player
• rstrui: System restore
• control: Opens the Control Panel
• control printers: Opens the printers dialogue box
• cmd: Command Prompt
• iexplore: Internet Explorer
• compmgmt.msc: Computer Management
• dhcpmgmt.msc: DHCP Management
• dnsmgmt.msc: DNS Management
• services.msc: Services
• eventvwr: Event Viewer
• dsa.msc: Active Directory Users and Computers
• dssite.msc: Active Directory Sites and Services

This image shows some shortcuts for basic functions while browsing in Firefox. The keystrokes begin with Ctrl if using a PC and Cmd if using a Mac.

Firefox Keyboard Shortcuts

Command	Mac OS	Windows
Go back a page.	Command + Left Arrow	Alt + Left Arrow
Go forward a page.	Command + Right Arrow	Alt + Right Arrow
Reload current page.	F5	F5
Toggle between full screen and regular screen.	Command + Shift + F	F11
Stop page from loading.	Esc	Esc
Complete a .com address.	Command + Return	Ctrl + Enter
Complete a .net address.	Shift + Return	Shift + Enter
Complete a .org address.	Command + Shift + Return	Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Clear recent history.	Command + Shift + Delete	Ctrl + Shift + Delete
Add a bookmark for the current page.	Command + D	Ctrl + D
Display available bookmarks.	Command + Shift + B	Ctrl + Shift + B
Display the download window.	Command + J	Ctrl + J
Open a new browser window.	Command + N	Ctrl + N
Print current page.	Command + P	Ctrl + P
Opens a new tab.	Command + T	Ctrl + T
Close the tab.	Command + W	Ctrl + W
Close window.	Command + Shift + W	Ctrl + Shift + W
Undo the close of a window.	Command + Shift + N	Ctrl + Shift + N
Undo the close of a tab.	Command + Shift + T	Ctrl + Shift + T
Moves through each of the open tabs.	Ctrl + Tab	Ctrl + Tab
Go to bottom of page.	Command + Down Arrow	End
Go to top of page.	Command + Up Arrow	Home

Here are a multitude of keyboard shortcuts for Microsoft Excel.

Microsoft Excel Shortcut Keys

• F2: Edit the active cell.
• F5: Displays the Go To box.
• F7: Open the Spelling dialogue box to check a selected range.
• F11: Create a chart of data in the current range in a separate sheet.
• Alt + Shift + F1: Insert a new worksheet.
• Shift + F3: Opens Insert Function dialogue box.
• Shift + F5: Opens the Find and Replace dialogue box.
• Ctrl + Shift + Colon (:): Enter the current time.
• Ctrl + Semicolon (;): Enter the current date.
• Ctrl + A: Select all content in the worksheet.
• Ctrl + B: Bold highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + I: Italicize highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + K: Open the Insert hyperlink dialogue box.
• Ctrl + U: Underline highlighted selection.
• Ctrl + 5: Apply strikethrough formatting.
• Ctrl + P: Brings up the print dialog box.
• Ctrl + Z: Undo.
• Ctrl + F9: Minimize a workbook window to an icon.
• Ctrl + F10: Maximize a selected workbook window.
• Ctrl + F6: Switch to the next workbook window when multiple are open.
• Ctrl + Page Up: Move to previous sheet in a workbook.
• Ctrl + Page Down: Move to next sheet in a workbook.
• Ctrl + Tab: Switch to next tab in dialogue box.
• Ctrl + Apostrophe ('): Insert the value of the above cell into the cell currently selected.
• Ctrl + Shift + !: Apply the Number format.
• Ctrl + Shift + $: Apply the Currency format.
• Ctrl + Shift + #: Apply the Date format.
• Ctrl + Shift + %: Apply the Percentage format.
• Ctrl + Shift + ^: Apply the Exponential format.
• Ctrl + Shift + @: Apply the Time format.
• Ctrl + Arrow Key: Move to the edge of the current data region in a worksheet.
• Ctrl + Space: Select an entire column in a worksheet.
• Shift + Space: Select an entire row in a worksheet.

Here is a selection of shortcuts for those using a Mac.

Shortcuts for Mac

• Command + X: Cut selected text and copy it.
• Command + C: Copy selected text.
• Command + V: Paste copied text.
• Command + Z: Undo previous command.
• Command + A: Select all items.
• Command + F: Open Find window to search text.
• Command + H: Hide windows of the front app.
• Command + N: Open a new document or window.
• Command + O: Open a selected item.
• Command + P: Print current document.
• Command + S: Save current document.
• Command + W: Close front window.
• Command + Q: Quit the app.
• Command + M: Minimize the front window to the Dock.
• Command + Spacebar: Open Spotlight search field.
• Command + Tab: Switch between open apps.
• Command + B: Bold selected text.
• Command + I: Italicize selected text.
• Command + U: Underline selected text.
• Command + Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in document.
• Option + Command + Esc: Choose an app to force quit.
• Shift + Command + Tilde (~): Switch between open windows.
• Shift + Command + 3: Take a screenshot.
• Fn + Up Arrow: Scroll up one page.
• Fn + Down Arrow: Scroll down one page.
• Fn + Left Arrow: Scroll to beginning of document.
• Fn + Right Arrow: Scroll to end of document.

Finder Shortcuts

• Shift + Command + F: Open All My Files window.
• Shift + Command + K: Open Network window.
• Option + Command + L: Open Downloads folder.
• Shift + Command + O: Open documents folder.
• Shift + Command + U: Open Utilities folder.
• Option + Command + D: Show or hide the Dock.
• Shift + Command + N: Create a new folder.
• Command + Delete: Move selected item to the Trash.
• Shift + Command + Delete: Empty Trash.

Here are shortcuts for browsing functions when using Google Chrome. Keystrokes begin with Ctrl for PC users and Cmd for Mac users.

Chrome Keyboard Shortcuts

Command	MacOS	Windows
Open new window.	Command + N	Ctrl + N
Open new tab.	Command + T	Ctrl + T
Reopen the last closed tab.	Command + Shift + T	Ctrl + Shift + T
Move to next tab.	Command + Option + Right Arrow	Ctrl + Tab
Move to previous tab.	Command + Option + Left Arrow	Ctrl + Shift + Tab
Open previous page in browsing history.	Command + [	Alt + Left Arrow
Open next page in browsing history.	Command + ]	Alt + Right Arrow
Close current tab.	Command + W	Ctrl + W
Close current window.	Command + Shift + W	Alt + F4
Open Bookmarks Manager.	Command + Option + B	Ctrl + Shift + O
Open History page.	Command + Y	Ctrl + H
Open Downloads page.	Command + Shift + J	Ctrl + J
Open Find Bar.	Command + F	Ctrl + F
Print current page.	Command + P	Ctrl + P
Save current page.	Command + S	Ctrl + S
Reload current page.	Command + R	F5
Save current page as a bookmark.	Command + D	Ctrl + D

factory reset android mobile

How to Factory Reset Your Android Phone or Tablet When It Won’t Boot

by Chris Hoffman on March 30th, 2016

Safe mode can help you troubleshoot your Android, but sometimes you’ll need to wipe everything and restore your device to its factory state. But if you can’t perform a normal factory reset–say, if your phone won’t boot properly–you can do it through Android’s recovery environment.

Ensure you have any important data backed up before doing a reset. This includes your Google Authenticator credentials, which will be lost during the reset. Disable two-factor authentication on your accounts first or you’ll experience some trouble afterwards.

If safe mode doesn’t help fix your device, you can perform a hard reset by booting into a special recovery mode. First, ensure your device is fully shut down.

Press and hold the correct keys to boot the device into recovery mode. This will vary from device to device. Here are some examples:

• Nexus 7: Volume Up + Volume Down + Power
• Samsung Galaxy S3: Volume Up + Home + Power
• Motorola Droid X: Home + Power
• Devices With Camera Buttons: Volume Up + Camera

Similar devices will likely use similar key combinations. For example, the Nexus 4 also uses Volume Up + Volume Down + Power.

If your device isn’t on this list and none of the above methods work, do a Google search for the name of your device and “recovery mode” – or look in the device’s manual or support pages.

Release the buttons when the device powered on. You’ll see an image of an Android lying on its back with its chest open and its internals revealed.

Press the Volume Up and Volume Down keys to scroll through the options until you see Recovery mode on the screen.

Press the Power button to restart into recovery mode. You’ll soon see an Android with a red triangle.

Hold down the Power button and tap Volume Up. You’ll see the Android system recovery menu appear at the top of your screen.

Select wipe data / factory reset with the volume keys and tap the Power button to activate it.

Select Yes – erase all user data with the volume buttons and tap Power. Your device will be reset to its factory state and all your data will be erased.

If your device freezes at any point, hold down the Power button until it restarts.

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If the factory reset process doesn’t fix your problems – or doesn’t work at all – it’s likely that there’s a problem with your device’s hardware. If it’s still under warranty, you should have it fixed or replaced.

(There’s one exception to this: If you’ve been flashing custom ROMs and messing with your device’s low-level software, it’s possible that you could have overwritten the stock recovery software. In this case, it’s possible that you have a software problem and not a hardware problem.)